The human cost of Congo’s endless conflict – Firstpost

In the eastern reaches of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the shimmering waters of Lake Kivu meet rolling green highlands, lies a region of breathtaking beauty and unimaginable suffering. North and South Kivu, provinces rich in resources and cultural heritage, have become synonymous with conflict, displacement, and despair. Yet, as global attention fixates on the geopolitical and economic battles playing out in the region, the people of Kivu, their stories, their struggles, and their resilience are often reduced to mere statistics. It’s time to reclaim their narrative.

A land of abundance and strife

Kivu is a land of contradictions. Its fertile soil and vast mineral wealth, including coltan, gold, and cobalt, which power everything from smartphones to electric vehicles, have made it a target for exploitation. For decades, the region has been ensnared in a complex web of conflict, driven by ethnic tensions, political rivalries, and the greed of local and foreign actors.

The roots of today’s crisis trace back to the aftermath of the 1994 genocide against the Tusti in Rwanda that claimed over a million people just in a hundred days, which spilled over into the DRC and ignited a series of wars that have claimed millions of lives. Armed groups, local militias, foreign fighters, and even some said to be state-backed forces have proliferated, each vying for control of territory and resources. The Congolese army, occasionally supported by UN peacekeepers, has struggled to maintain order, often exacerbating the violence through its own abuses.

Yet, the story of Kivu is not just one of violence and tragedy; it is also a story of resilience. Amidst the chaos, communities have rebuilt from the rubble, leaning on each other in solidarity. Women’s cooperatives, youth-led initiatives, and local peacebuilding efforts have emerged as beacons of hope. But these stories of courage and determination are rarely told. Instead, the people of Kivu are reduced to numbers; casualty figures, displacement statistics, and aid recipient counts while their personal stories, hopes, and dreams are ignored.

The human cost

Behind the political manoeuvring and resource extraction lies a human tragedy of staggering proportions. Over 5 million people have been displaced in the DRC, with the majority coming from the Kivu region. Families have been torn apart, children forced to flee their homes, and women subjected to widespread sexual violence. According to the United Nations, the DRC remains one of the most dangerous places in the world to be a woman or a child.

Yet, the people of Kivu are not passive victims. They are survivors. They are resourceful and determined. In the face of unimaginable adversity, they have built homes, schools, and businesses, supporting one another through informal networks of solidarity. Their resilience is inspiring but it often goes unnoticed. While aid organizations and international bodies document their suffering, the people of Kivu deserve more than to be seen as a problem to be solved. They should be seen for what they are: human beings with dignity, who deserve the chance to tell their own stories.

Kinyarwanda-speaking Congolese: At the heart of the crisis

Among the most affected by the conflict in Kivu are the Kinyarwanda-speaking Congolese, particularly the Tutsi community, who have lived in the region for generations. Their presence in the DRC is the result of centuries of migration, colonial-era border manipulations, and more recent waves of displacement.

Historical migration

The Kinyarwanda-speaking communities in Kivu are part of the larger Banyarwanda ethnic group, which includes Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa people. Many of these communities migrated to the Kivu region from Rwanda during the pre-colonial period, driven by factors such as population growth, trade, and conflicts.

During the colonial era, the borders drawn by European powers divided the Banyarwanda people between Rwanda (under German and later Belgian rule) and the Belgian Congo. This arbitrary division left many Kinyarwanda speakers in what is now the DRC.

Post-colonial displacement

The 1959 Rwandan Revolution, which led to the overthrow of the Tutsi monarchy and the exodus of thousands of Tutsi refugees, saw many Tutsi families settle in North and South Kivu. These refugees were often welcomed by their kin who had already been living in the region for generations.

The 1994 genocide against the Tusti in Rwanda triggered another massive influx of refugees, including both Hutu and Tutsi populations, into the Kivu region. While many refugees returned to Rwanda or were repatriated, some Kinyarwanda communities remained in the DRC, where they became targets of violence and discrimination.

Identity and belonging

Despite their long history in the region, the Kinyarwanda-speaking Congolese, particularly the Tutsi, have often been viewed as outsiders. This perception has fuelled tensions and made them vulnerable to attacks by armed groups and even state actors.

The Banyamulenge, a Tutsi subgroup in South Kivu, have faced particularly severe discrimination, often being accused of loyalty to Rwanda rather than the DRC. These tensions have exacerbated the region’s instability and contributed to cycles of violence.

Media’s missed opportunity

The media has the power to shape our understanding of conflict. Yet, in its coverage of Kivu, it has often fallen short. Reporting typically focuses on the geopolitical dimensions of the crisis; the involvement of neighbouring countries, the role of multinational corporations, and the actions of armed groups. While these elements are undeniably important, they fail to capture the human dimension of the story.

What is missing is a focus on the lives of those most affected by the conflict. The media has the opportunity to humanise the crisis, to shine a spotlight on the people of Kivu; not as mere casualties or faceless refugees, but as individuals with hopes, dreams, and aspirations. Through personal stories, the media can help the world see them not just as victims, but as survivors; resilient, courageous, and full of potential. By telling their stories, we can shift the narrative from one of helplessness to one of empowerment.

A call to action

The crisis in Kivu is not just a Congolese problem; it is a global issue. The minerals extracted from this region fuel the technology we rely on every day; from the smartphones in our pockets to the electric vehicles that power our commute. Our consumption habits are inextricably linked to the suffering of the people of Kivu. The time has come for the international community to take responsibility.

Demand corporate accountability: Companies profiting from Kivu’s resources must ensure their supply chains are free from exploitation and violence. Initiatives like the Conflict-Free Sourcing Initiative (CFSI) provide a framework for ethical sourcing, but enforcement remains weak. Consumers can pressure corporations to adopt and adhere to these standards.

Address root causes: Lasting peace will only come when the root causes of the conflict; political instability, economic inequality, and weak governance are addressed. The international community must support Congolese-led efforts to strengthen institutions, promote economic development, and deliver justice for victims of atrocities.

Amplify local voices: Governments, NGOs, and media outlets must do more than report the numbers. They must ensure that the individual stories of those affected by the conflict are heard. Whether it’s a mother displaced by war, a child longing for education, or a farmer struggling to harvest crops amidst violence, their stories must be told. Only then can we truly understand the scale of the crisis and the steps needed to move forward.

Conclusion

The people of Kivu are more than just victims of conflict. They are mothers, fathers, children, and elders each with dreams and aspirations, each with the right to live in peace and dignity. While they have endured unimaginable suffering, they continue to hope for a better future. It is time for the world to see them for who they truly are, not as statistics, but as human beings with inherent worth.

As we reflect on the crisis in Kivu, let us remember the simple but profound words of the Congolese people: “Tunataka amani” (We want peace). This plea is not just for an end to violence, but for the recognition of their humanity, their strength, and their right to a future free from exploitation. The story of Kivu is not just a story of conflict; it is a story of humanity, resilience, and the enduring hope for a brighter tomorrow.

The writer a pro-African entrepreneur and an international diplomacy enthusiast. Views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect Firstpost’s views.